目的 调查2025年3月长沙市某高校一起校园诺如病毒感染性腹泻聚集性疫情,分析疫情暴发原因及相应的防控措施。方法 采用现场流行病学暴发调查方法,对某高校学生及食堂工作人员共1956人进行病例搜索。采集456名食堂工作人员肛拭子样本进行核酸检测,对1500名学生进行诺如病毒抗原快速检测,并对确诊病例进行病原学分析。结果 本次疫情共确诊15例诺如病毒感染性腹泻,其中学生10例,食堂工作人员5例;456份食堂工作人员肛拭子样本中核酸检测阳性5份,1500名学生诺如病毒抗原检测中阳性10份,15例确诊患者以发热、腹泻、恶心、呕吐症状为主;3月14日出现首发病例,3月19至20日为发病高峰（共报告10例）;学生确诊病例中2号楼1楼5例,4号楼2楼5例;食堂工作人员确诊病例中1食堂4例,2食堂1例;男性患者12例,女性患者3例。结论 高度怀疑此次疫情传染源为被诺如病毒污染的外卖食品,疫情扩散源与食堂工作人员手卫生不规范、呕吐物处理不当及公共设施污染有关。针对本次疫情,建议高校将后勤人员纳入常态化诺如病毒肛拭子筛查;在所有教室配置呕吐物处置包,并同步培训规范操作流程;与属地疾病预防控制中心共建诺如快检通道及物资储备体系。本次疫情提示,切断“人-环境-食源”交叉传播链是高校传染病防控的核心环节,需通过系统性健康管理覆盖全体校园人群以实现长效防控。

Objective To investigate a clustered outbreak of Norovirus gastroenteritis on a university campus in Changsha City, in March 2025, and to analyze the causes of the outbreak and corresponding prevention and control measures. Methods The outbreak investigation method of field epidemiology was adopted. A total of 1956 people, including students and cafeteria staff of a university, were searched for cases. 456 fecal swab samples from cafeteria staff were collected for nucleic acid testing, and 1500 students were tested for Norovirus antigen rapid detection. Pathogen analysis was conducted for confirmed cases. Results A total of 15 cases of Norovirus gastroenteritis were diagnosed in this outbreak, including 10 cases among students and 5 cases among cafeteria staff. Among the 456 fecal swab samples from cafeteria staff, 5 were positive for nucleic acid testing. Among the 1500 students, 10 were positive for Norovirus antigen detection. The 15 confirmed patients mainly presented symptoms of fever, diarrhea, nausea, and vomiting. The first case appeared on March 14th, and the peak of the outbreak was from March 19th to 20th (a total of 10 cases were reported). Among the confirmed cases of students, there were 5 cases on the 1st floor of Building 2 and 5 cases on the 2nd floor of Building 4. Among the confirmed cases among the cafeteria staff, there were 4 cases in No. 1 cafeteria and 1 case in No. 2 cafeteria. There were 12 male patients and 3 female patients. Conclusion The source of infection of this outbreak is highly suspected to be contaminated takeout food by Norovirus. The spread of the outbreak is related to multiple factors such as unstandardized hand hygiene of cafeteria staff, improper disposal of vomit, and pollution of public facilities. In response to this outbreak,it is suggested that universities incorporate the staff in the logistics department into the regular Norovirus anal swab screening program configure vomiting disposal kits in all classrooms and simultaneously train on standard operating procedures; and jointly build a rapid detection channel and material reserve system with the local disease control center. This outbreak reminds us that cutting off the "human-environment-food" cross-transmission chain is the core stage of university infectious disease prevention and control; and systematic health management covering all campus populations is needed to achieve long-term prevention.