Objective To discussion the efficacy of using cerebral vascular balloon angioplasty stent implantation, clopidogrel, and alteplase thrombolysis combined therapy in the treatment of acute cerebral infarction. Methods A total of 90 patients with acute cerebral infarction admitted to our hospital from April 2023 to April 2025 were selected as the research subjects. They were randomly divided into a control group and an experimental group, with 45 cases in each group. The patients in the control group received clopidogrel and alteplase thrombolysis combined therapy, while the patients in the experimental group received cerebral vascular balloon angioplasty stent implantation therapy in addition to the control group. The levels of inflammatory factors, hemorheological indicators, degree of consciousness disorder, neurological function impairment, and treatment effect of the two groups before and after treatment were compared. Results After treatment, the levels of high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), whole blood viscosity (WBV), plasma specific viscosity (PSV), and platelet aggregation rate (PAR) in the experimental group were lower than those of the control group (P < 0.05); after treatment, the Glasgow coma scale (GCS) in the experimental group was higher than that of the control group, and the score of National Institutes of Health stroke scale (NIHSS) was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05); the clinical total effective rate of the experimental group was higher than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion The combined therapy of cerebral vascular balloon angioplasty stent implantation, alteplase thrombolysis, and clopidogrel can reduce the inflammatory response degree of patients with acute cerebral infarction, improve their hemorheological indicators and degree of consciousness disorder, reduce neurological function impairment, and improve the treatment effect.