Objective To explore the effect of implementing an overall optimized rehabilitation program based on a multidisciplinary collaboration model for elderly patients undergoing hip replacement surgery. Methods A total of 86 elderly patients who underwent hip replacement surgery in our hospital from January 2023 to August 2024 were selected as the research subjects. They were divided into an observation group and a control group by the random number table method. with 43 cases in each group. The patients in the control group received routine perioperative care for hip replacement, while the patients in the observation group received an overall optimized rehabilitation plan based on the multidisciplinary collaboration model in addition to the care provided by the control group. The hip joint function and functional independence, degree of postoperative pain, and hospital stay of the two groups of patients were compared. Results At 7 days after surgery, the scores of Harris hip score before and after the surgery (HHS) and the functional independence measure (FIM) of the observation group were higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05); at 12 hours and 48 hours after surgery, the numerical rating scale (NRS) score of pain in the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P < 0.05). The hospitalization time of patients in the observation group was shorter than that of the control group (P < 0.05). Conclusion Implementing an overall optimized rehabilitation program based on a multidisciplinary collaboration model for elderly patients undergoing hip replacement surgery can effectively improve the hip joint function and functional independence of patients, relieve postoperative pain, shorten the hospital stay, and promote postoperative recovery.